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Early life

Avril Ramona Lavigne was born in Belleville, Ontario. Her father, Jean-Claude Joseph Lavigne,named her "Avril" after the French word for the month of April. At the age of two, she began singing church songs with her mother, Judith-Rosanne "Judy" (née Loshaw). Judy recognized her two-year-old daughter's talents after hearing her sing "Jesus Loves Me" in church. Lavigne has an older brother, Matthew, and a younger sister, Michelle, both of whom teased her when she sang. "My brother used to knock on the wall because I used to sing myself to sleep and he thought it was really annoying." Her father is of French descent and her mother has English, Scottish, and German ancestry.
Dundas Street, one of the two main streets in Greater Napanee.
When Lavigne was five years old, the family moved to Napanee, Ontario, a town with a population of approximately 5,000. Although she has been struggling with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) since she was a child and was sometimes kicked out of class for misbehaving, her parents supported her singing. Her father bought her a microphone, a drum kit, a keyboard, and several guitars, and converted their basement into a studio. When Lavigne was 14, her parents would take her to karaoke sessions. Lavigne also performed at country fairs, singing songs by Garth Brooks, The Dixie Chicks, and Shania Twain. She also began writing her own songs. Her first song was called "Can't Stop Thinking About You", about a teenage crush, which she described as "cheesy cute".
I’ve known all my life that this is what I was supposed to do.... Visualizing like what it would be like to be famous with my music. And always just dreaming, always daydreaming.
—Avril Lavigne, NBC News
In 1999, Lavigne won a radio contest to perform with fellow Canadian singer Shania Twain at the Corel Centre in Ottawa, before an audience of 20,000 people.Twain and Lavigne sang "What Made You Say That",and Lavigne told Twain that she was going to be "a famous singer". During a performance with the Lennox Community Theatre, Lavigne was spotted by local folksinger Stephen Medd. He invited her to contribute vocals on his song, "Touch the Sky", for his 1999 album, Quinte Spirit. She later sang on "Temple of Life" and "Two Rivers" for his follow-up album, My Window to You, in 2000. In December 1999, Lavigne was discovered by her first professional manager, Cliff Fabri, while singing country covers at a Chapters bookstore in Kingston, Ontario.Fabri sent out VHS tapes of Lavigne's home performances to several industry prospects, and Lavigne was visited by several executives.Mark Jowett, co-founder of the Canadian management firm Nettwerk, received a copy of Lavigne's karaoke performances recorded in her parents' basement. Jowett arranged for Lavigne to work with Peter Zizzo during the summer of 2000 in New York, where she wrote the song "Why". Lavigne was noticed by Arista Records on a subsequent trip to New York.
By 2013, Lavigne would go on to sell more than 50 million singles and 30 million copies of her albums worldwide, becoming one of the top-selling artists releasing albums in the U.S., with over 10.25 million copies certified by the RIAA. In 2009, Billboard named Lavigne the number 10 pop artist in the "Best of the 2000s" chart. She was listed as the 28th overall best act of the decade based on album and single chart performance in the U.S.
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Mirror Mirror is a 2012 American comedy fantasy film based on the fairy tale "Snow White" collected by the Brothers Grimm. It is directed by Tarsem Singh and stars Lily Collins, Julia Roberts, Armie Hammer, Nathan Lane, and Sean Bean. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design.

Plot

Snow White's mother died in child birth, and her father, the King (Sean Bean), marries Clementianna (Julia Roberts), the most beautiful woman in the land and raises Snow White. One day, the king leaves to fight a great evil that has invaded the land but never returns. Queen Clementianna rules in his absence and keeps Snow White in the palace.
Ten years later, Snow White (Lily Collins) having turned eighteen, desires to see her kingdom. Defying Queen Clementianna's orders, she leaves the palace. Arriving at a forest, she meets Prince Andrew Alcott (Armie Hammer) who has been robbed by thieving dwarfs. She and the Prince are drawn to each other but go their separate ways. Snow White arrives in the town, and finds the once-happy townfolk are destitute due to Queen Clementianna's greed.
Meanwhile, Prince Alcott finds his way to the palace. Queen Clementianna realizes he comes from a wealthy kingdom, and throws a ball to woo the Prince to solve her financial problems. Snow White secretly attends the ball, planning to ask the prince to help her restore the kingdom. Queen Clementianna notices them dancing and orders her manservant Brighton (Nathan Lane) to take the princess into the forest and feed her to the Beast (Frank Welker) that lives there. Brighton takes Snow White to the forest, but he releases her and urges her to run. Snow White flees the Beast and collapses at the door to the Seven Dwarfs' house. She wakes up to find the dwarfs Grimm (Danny Woodburn), Butcher (Martin Klebba), Wolf (Sebastian Saraceno), Napoleon (Jordan Prentice), Half Pint (Mark Povinelli), Grub (Joe Gnoffo), and Chuck (Ronald Lee Clark).
Queen Clementianna levies another tax among the starving people to pay for the parties she throws for Prince Alcott. Brighton collects the taxes, but, on the way back to the palace, the dwarfs rob Brighton and steal the money. Snow White sneaks away to return the money. The townspeople and the Town Magistrate (Alex Ivanovici) are overjoyed to have their money back and Snow White lets the Dwarfs take credit for it, earning them the people's acceptance and gratitude.
Meanwhile, Queen Clementianna informs Alcott that Snow White is dead. When the Prince finds out that the bandits have robbed Brighton, he goes after them, unaware of the awful things the Queen has done. In the forest, Alcott discovers that Snow White is alive and in league with the bandits. Each believing the other to be in the wrong, Snow White and Alcott duel. Alcott returns to the Palace defeated and informs the Queen that Snow White is alive.
Queen Clementianna goes to her Magic Mirror, within which lives her reflection, the Mirror Queen (Lisa Roberts Gillan). Displeased that Brighton had lied about Snow White's death, Queen Clementianna has the Mirror Queen turn Brighton into a cockroach (which was for a short time). The Queen requests a love potion so she can make the Prince fall in love with her. The Mirror Queen repeatedly warns Queen Clementianna that there is a price for using dark magic, but Queen Clementianna refuses to listen. The potion, however, turns out to be a 'puppy love' potion and the Prince becomes devoted to her like a puppy dog. Under this spell, the Prince agrees to marry Queen Clementianna. She then uses dark magic to create two giant wooden puppets in the forest and uses them to try and kill Snow White and the Dwarfs. Snow White is able to cut the strings of the puppets and break the spell.
Snow White and the Dwarfs crash the royal wedding and capture the Prince before Queen Clementianna and Brighton arrive. Back in the forest, the still-cursed Prince wishes to return to the Queen. Snow White kisses Alcott and the spell is broken.
Snow White encounters Queen Clementianna who reveals that she can control the Beast that has been plaguing the forest and sends it after Snow White. Prince Alcott tries to save Snow White, and after the struggle, the Beast captures the princess. However, the Beast hesitates in killing her and Snow White sees that it wears a necklace with a moon charm on it similar to the one the Queen wears. She cuts the chain with her father's dagger and the Beast suddenly becomes engulfed in light. Queen Clementianna begins to age, and the Mirror Queen says this is her consequence for using dark magic. The Beast turns out to be Snow White's father who has no memory of the last ten years.
Grateful to Alcott for his assistance, the king agrees to let him marry Snow White. During the wedding celebration, a crone in a hooded robe appears and offers Snow White an apple (which is poisoned) as a wedding gift. At first, Snow White accepts the gift, but as she is about to bite it, she realizes that the crone is Clementianna. Then Snow White pulls out her knife and cuts a piece from the apple and gives it to Clementianna, she says that sometimes you must admit that you've been defeated. Accepting defeat, Clementianna takes the apple as the Mirror House shatters upon the Mirror Queen while she declares that it was Snow White's story all along.
The film's epilogue reveals what happened to the Dwarfs: Grimm becomes a teacher again and writes a book of fairy tales, Napoleon becomes a hairdresser, Wolf "returned to his pack", Half-Pint finds a girlfriend, Grub just eats, Butcher becomes a flyweight champion, and Chuck joins the royal circus. Now they can live happily ever after just like any other fairytale.
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Lily Jane Collins (born 18 March 1989) is a English and American actress, model, and television personality, known for her roles in the films The Blind Side (2009), Abduction (2011), and Mirror Mirror (2012). In 2013, she portrayed Clary Fray in the fantasy film adaptation The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones, based on Cassandra Clare's best-selling novel City of Bones.

Early life

Collins was born in Guildford, Surrey, England. She is the daughter of English musician Phil Collins, and his second wife, Jill Tavelman, an American who is the president of the Beverly Hills Women's Club. Collins is the half-sister of actress Joely Collins and musician Simon Collins (from her father's first marriage), and also has two half-brothers from her father's third marriage, Nicholas and Matthew Collins. Her maternal grandfather was a Canadian Jewish immigrant who owned a famous clothing store in Los Angeles.
After her parents' divorce, she moved to Los Angeles, California with her mother, when she was five years old. She graduated from Harvard-Westlake School and attended the University of Southern California, majoring in broadcast journalism.
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James Metcalfe "Jamie" Campbell Bower (born 22 November 1988) is an English actor, singer and former model. Bower is best known for his role as Anthony Hope in Tim Burton's Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, his role as Caius in The Twilight Saga, his role as King Arthur in the Starz original series Camelot and as the young Gellert Grindelwald in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1. In 2013, he portrayed Jace Wayland in The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones.


Early life

Bower was born in London, England. His mother, Anne Elizabeth (née Roseberry), is a music manager, and his father, David Bower, works for the Gibson Guitar Corporation. His maternal 4th great-grandfather was Sir John Campbell, of Airds, Lieutenant Governor of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.He attended Bedales School, a co-educational independent school in Hampshire, and is a former member of the National Youth Music Theatre and the National Youth Theatre. He began his professional career when friend Laura Michelle Kelly, who also appeared in Sweeney Todd, recommended him to her agent. In addition to acting, he is also the lead singer in the band The Darling Buds. Bower was a part-time model with Select Model Management in London.
  
Career

Kevin Zegers, Bower, and Lily Collins at the 2013 WonderCon.
He played Rocker in the film RocknRolla and Jack in Winter in Wartime (Oorlogswinter).
Bower starred in the 2009 remake of the series The Prisoner as Number 11-12.Also in 2009, he played a vampire Caius in the film New Moon and both Twilight: Breaking Dawn films, alongside Michael Sheen. He appeared as the younger Gellert Grindelwald, the dark wizard defeated by Albus Dumbledore, in the 2010 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1. He played King Arthur in the 2011 television series of Camelot. In 2010 Jamie starred as an obsessed fan in the music video for 'Young (Belane)' by the band The Xcerts. Jamie was offered the role of Enjolras in the 2012 musical drama film, Les Misérables, but turned it down.
In 2012, he appeared in the music video for "Never Let Me Go" by Florence + The Machine. He played Jace Wayland in The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones, the film adaption of The Mortal Instruments series, by Cassandra Clare.



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Pengertian: Puisi (dari bahasa Yunani kuno: ποιέω/ποιῶ (poiéo/poió) = I create) adalah seni tertulis di mana bahasa digunakan untuk kualitas estetiknya untuk tambahan, atau selain arti semantiknya.

Hal- hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam membaca puisi sebagai berikut:
  • Ekpresi adalah pernyataan perasaan hasil penjiwaan puisi.  
  • Mimik adalah gerak air muka. 
  • Kinesik yaitu gerak anggota tubuh.
  • Kejelasan artikulasi. Artikulasi yaitu ketepatan dalam melafalkan kata- kata.
  • Timbre yaitu warna bunyi suara (bawaan) yang dimilikinya.
  • Dinamik artinya keras lembut, tinggi rendahnya suara.
  • Intonasi atau lagu suara
Dalam sebuah puisi, ada tiga jenis intonasi antara lain sebagai berikut :
  1. Tekanan dinamik yaitu tekanan pada kata- kata yang dianggap penting.
  2. Tekanan nada yaitu tekanan tinggi rendahnya suara. Misalnya suara tinggi menggambarkan keriangan, marah, takjud, dan sebagainya. Suara rendah mengungkapkan kesedihan, pasrah, ragu, putus asa dan sebagainya.
  3. Tekanan tempo yaitu cepat lambat pengucapan suku kata atau kata.

    Unsur-unsur puisi:

    Struktur fisik puisi

    • Perwajahan puisi (tipografi), yaitu bentuk puisi seperti halaman yang tidak dipenuhi kata-kata, tepi kanan-kiri, pengaturan barisnya, hingga baris puisi yang tidak selalu dimulai dengan huruf kapital dan diakhiri dengan tanda titik.
    • Diksi, yaitu pemilihan kata-kata yang dilakukan oleh penyair dalam puisinya. Karena puisi adalah bentuk karya sastra yang sedikit kata-kata dapat mengungkapkan banyak hal, maka kata-katanya harus dipilih secermat mungkin.
    • Imaji, yaitu kata atau susunan kata-kata yang dapat mengungkapkan pengalaman indrawi, seperti penglihatan, pendengaran, dan perasaan.
    • Kata konkret, yaitu kata yang dapat ditangkap dengan indera yang memungkinkan munculnya imaji.
    • Gaya bahasa, yaitu penggunaan bahasa yang dapat menghidupkan/meningkatkan efek dan menimbulkan konotasi tertentu.
    • Rima/Irama adalah persamaan bunyi pada puisi, baik di awal, tengah, dan akhir baris puisi. 

    Struktur batin puisi 

    1. Tema/makna (sense); media puisi adalah bahasa.

    2. Rasa (feeling), yaitu sikap penyair terhadap pokok permasalahan yang terdapat dalam puisinya. 

    3. Nada (tone), yaitu sikap penyair terhadap pembacanya.

    4. Amanat/tujuan/maksud (itention); yaitu pesan yang ingin disampaikan penyair kepada pembaca

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  1. Mulanya microblogging ini bernama ‘Twttr’ bukan ‘Twitter’.
  2. Butuh waktu 3 tahun, 2 bulan, dan 1 hari untuk meraih 1 miliar kicauan.
  3. Kini hanya butuh 1 minggu 1 miliar tweet mengalir di linimasa.
  4. Rata-rata pengguna Twitter berkicau sebanyak 307 kali.
  5. Pilpres AS 2012 mematahkan rekor kicauan politik dengan 31,7 juta tweet.
  6. 32% pengguna internet berkicau di Twitter.
  7. 141,8 juta pengguna Twitter di AS, adalah 27,4% total pengguna Twitter.
  8. 50% pengguna Twitter menggunakan ponsel mereka tatkala berkicau.
  9. Tahun 2012 tweet di televisi meningkat hingga 800%.
  10. 65% memutuskan belanja berdasarkan konten sosial di Twitter.
  11. 91% usia 18-34 tahun menggunakan media sosial untuk mendiskusikanbrand.
  12. 60% pengguna telepon cerdas AS mengunjungi situs jejaring sosial secara harian. Angka ini melonjak 54% dari tahun 2011.
  13. 46% pengguna media sosial AS mengakses Facebook dan Twitter viamobile.
  14. Ada 181.354 pengguna Twitter yang menuliskan media sosial di bio mereka.
  15. Arab Saudi negara dengan pertumbuhan pengguna Twitter paling tinggi dengan pertumbuhan 300%.
  16. 16% penduduk AS bermain Twitter.
  17. Rata-rata pengguna Twitter miliki 126 follower.
  18. Rata-rata akun Twitter bisnis miliki 14.709 follower.
  19. Jumlah device yang terhubung ke internet melebihi jumlah umat manusia di muka bumi.
  20. Sehari terkirim 340 juta tweet.
  21. Youtube brand dengan follower terbanyak, 19 juta pengikut.
  22. 60% pengguna Twitter adalah wanita.
  23. Rata-rata pengguna Twitter habiskan 21 menit untuk berkicau tiap bulan.
  24. 40% pengguna Twitter tak pernah bekicau satu kali.
  25. 92% retweet yang ada mengandung konten yang menarik.
  26. Hanya ada 26% kicauan yang meminta untuk di-RT.
  27. Dari tahun 2008-2011 karyawan Twitter membengkak hingga 5.000%.
  28. Konten infografik miliki tingkat retweet hingga 832% daripada konten gambar dan artikel.
  29. Twitter tersedia dalam 25 bahasa.
  30. Akhir 2012, Twitter miliki pengguna aktif mencapai 200 juta.
  31. Twitter diperkirakan miliki nilai USD 11 miliar.
  32. 16% konsumen gunakan Facebook dan Twitter untuk berinteraksi dengan bisnis.
  33. 75% pemimpin dunia punya akun twitter.
  34. Terjadi pertumbuhan hingga 78% dari tahun 2011 untuk jumlah akun kepela negara, pemimpin dunia, pemuka agama, dan akun resmi pemerintah.
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Three Main Gateway

Kalau kita belajar matematika, kita akan memulai dengan 4 dasar yaitu, +,-,x,/, di photography, kita memulai dengan 3 dasar mengatur cahaya yang masuk ke sensor ataupun lebih dikenal dengan three gateway of light, three methodology, dll. Ketiga hal itu adalah Shutter Speed, Aperture, dan ISO Speed (Sensitivitas Sensor terhadap cahaya)

Shutter Speed adalah kecepatan tirai penutup sensor. Semakin lambat tirainya bergerak, semakin banyak cahaya yang masuk ke sensor,. Shutter speed yang tinggi bisa menangkap object yang bergerak cepat dengan jelas, misalnya mobil yang bergerak, sedangkan shutter speed yang lambat, bisa merekam gambar dengan lambat, sedangkan benda yang bergerak bisa kelihatan motion-nya . Untuk pemahaman cahaya yang masuk melewati kecepatan shutter, kita bisa memakai analogi jendela dan pintu jendela. Ketika kita menekan tombol shutter, pintu jendela ini akan membuka, dan menutup kembali. Ketika pintu jendelanya dibuka secara lambat, cahaya yang masuk melewati kedalam ruangan semakin banyak daripada pintu yang dibuka dengan kecepatan tinggi.



Aperture adalah lubang cahaya yang masuk ke sensor. Ukuran aperture ditentukan oleh sebuah alat yang bernama diaphragm. Cahaya yang masuk masuk dari lens, bergerak melewati aperture sebelum masuk ke sensor. Fungsi sebenarnya ukuran besar kecilnya aperture adalah untuk mengatur kedalaman ketajaman gambar. Aperture yang kecil mempunyai ketajaman yang lebih dalam sedangkan aperture yang besar memiliki kedalaman yang tidak dalam, sehingga object yang berada diluar dari kedalamanan akan kelihatan kabur. Bagaikan mainan laser, semakin kecil lubang cahaya laser, maka semakin jauh laser bisa memantulkan cahaya, dan semakin lebar lubang cahaya, maka semakin tidak jauh laser bisa memantulkan cahayanya. Kita bisa mengunakan kembali analogi jendela dan pintu jendela diatas untuk pemahaman pengaturan cahaya lewat aperture. Kalau kecepatan pintu jendela membuka dan menutup kembali itu adalah shutter speed, maka jendela itu sendiri adalah aperture karena cahaya memasuki sensor lewat jendela itu. Semakin lebarnya jendela maka otomatis cahaya yang masuk lebih banyak dan begitu juga sebaliknya.

Satu hal yang akan selalu membingungkan pemula adalah besar aperture bukan ditentukan besar f number,, tapi sebaliknya. misalnya f 2.8 adalah aperture besar sedangkan f22 adalah aperture kecil..

Aperture Besar (f/5.6)


Aperture Kecil (f32)


Kombinasi antara shutter speed dan aperture adalah kunci untuk menentukan sebuah gambar itu memliki exposure yang tepat. Ketika berada di tempat yang terang seperti outdoor, kita bisa menggunakan shutter speed yang tinggi dengan aperture yang tinggi untuk mengurangi cahaya yang berlebihan masuk kedalam sensor supaya hasil dari foto tidak terlalu terang. Sedangkan ketika berada ditempat tidak terlalu terang seperti indoor, kita bisa menggunakan Aperture yang besar dan Shutter speed yang lambat. Namun shutter speed yang lambat sangat sensitive dengan pergerakan camera. Kamera yang bergerak saat shutter speed lambat berjalan akan menyebabkan gambar yang kabur. Di situasi seperti ini, penggunaan Tripod (alat tempat camera berdiri) atau kecepatan ISO bisa menjadi solusi.

ISO Speed
adalah sensitivitas sensor terhadap cahaya. Penggunaan ISO yang tinggi bisa membantu sensor menrespon cahaya dengan lebih cepat, namun semakin tinggi ISO, akan menimbulkan noise. Noise membuat gambar kelihatan tidak jernih,.

three main gateway

Dengan kombinasi tiga pintu masuk cahaya, kita bisa mengatur settingan cahaya sesuai situasi dan kebutuhan kita dimana fungsi Auto kadang tidak bisa melakukannya dengan benar. Kalau kita melihat object lewat viewfinder yang merupakan refleksi dari cermin, bagaimana kita mengetahui sebuah settingan itu over exposure atau kekurangan cahaya. Biasanya di Viewfinder ada meteran cahaya untuk kita mengatur exposure yang tepat. Begitu juga kalau melakukan live view dari lcd secara langsung,, ada sebuah meter kecil terletak bagian bawah lcd atau bagian atas.